Mu ne duniya maroki for kayan shafawa, abinci da kuma Pharmaceutical samar line inji sama da shekaru 20.Musamman don yin mahaɗa, akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'anta da ke lardin Jiangsu.
Don yin mahaɗa, ana iya keɓance shi bisa buƙata.Kamar yadda inji ne na zaɓi injin injin, hadawa, dumama, homogenizer je ga emulsion, da dai sauransu aiki.Don haka za a yi inji bisa ƙayyadaddun tsarin yin samfur.
Muna amfani da kukis don inganta ƙwarewar ku.Ta ci gaba da bincika wannan rukunin yanar gizon, kun yarda da amfani da kukis.Karin bayani.
Bisa ka'ida ta biyu na thermodynamics, yawancin kayayyakin kula da fata ba su da kwanciyar hankali a yanayi saboda waɗannan samfurori sun kasance haɗuwa da abubuwa biyu ko fiye da ba su haɗuwa da juna.Don tabbatar da rayuwar shiryayye, waɗannan samfuran dole ne a ƙara su tare da masu daidaitawa masu dacewa.Yawanci, ionic ko nonionic surfactants ana ƙara su azaman emulsifiers.
An yi imani da cewa irin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin amphiphiles suna sa kayan shafawa ba su dace da fata ba.Sabili da haka, masana'antar kayan shafawa suna neman kayan shafa marasa ƙarfi waɗanda za su iya maye gurbin na'urorin gargajiya.Don samar da isassun tsayayyun samfura masu gamsarwa, mafi kyawun zaɓi sun haɗa da emulsifiers na polymer ko ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi azaman stabilizers.
Baya ga yin amfani da hanyoyin ƙirƙira na al'ada, ana iya daidaita emulsions ta amfani da macromolecules masu dacewa maimakon ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.Emulsion kwanciyar hankali sau da yawa ana inganta ta ƙara polymers zuwa kauri da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na ci gaba lokaci.
Koyaya, don haɓaka aiki, ana iya amfani da polymers na surfactant kamar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ko carbomer 1342 azaman emulsifier na farko.Wadannan polymers suna ƙirƙirar fina-finai na tsaka-tsakin da aka tsara waɗanda suka yi nasarar hana haɗuwar ɗigon mai.A wannan yanayin, tasirin ƙarfafawa na haɓaka danko na lokaci na waje ba shi da mahimmanci.
Irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin ƙira galibi ana kiran su azaman tarwatsawar hydrolipid ko gels masu tarwatsewa na ruwa, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da samfuran hasken rana kuma ana kiran su da ƙirar "kyakkyawan emulsifier".Ta fuskar zahiri da sinadarai wannan ba daidai ba ne.(A cewar kungiyar International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, an ayyana kaddarorin emulsifier kamar haka: Emulsifier shine surfactant. Yana rage tashin hankali na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki don haka yana da tasiri mai kyau akan adsorption a ƙaramin adadin. emulsifier na iya haɓaka samuwar emulsions ko haɓaka kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar rage ɗaya ko duka biyun tari da ƙimar haɗin gwiwa.)
Abin da ke bambanta waɗannan nau'o'in daga emulsions da aka daidaita ta hanyar "al'ada" emulsifiers shine ikon su na haifar da fushi: polymer emulsifiers suna da nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta kuma saboda haka ba za su iya shiga cikin stratum corneum ba.Don haka, ba a sa ran mu'amala mara kyau kamar Majorca Acne.Shi ya sa ake kiran su da “Emulsifier-free”.Table 1 yana nuna wasu misalan al'ada.
An yi amfani da acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer a matsayin polymer emulsifier a cikin Formula A. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose da polyacrylic acid an yi amfani da su azaman masu daidaitawa.Acrylic copolymer shine polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 wanda aka gyara tare da C10-30 alkyl acrylate kuma mai haɗin giciye tare da allyl pentaerythritol.
Motsin lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety ya mamaye mashin hydrophilic acrylic acid.Sakamakon macromolecule yana da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 4 x 109. Kayan ba ya narke, amma lokacin da aka lalata tare da tushe mai dacewa yana faɗaɗa har zuwa sau 1000.
Carbomer polymer emulsifiers suna samar da kariyar gel mai kauri a kusa da kowane digo na mai a cikin ƙaramin adadin kuzarin lantarki, tare da sarƙoƙi na alkyl na hydrophobic a cikin lokacin mai.Matsakaicin madaidaicin nau'ikan emulsifiers na polymer na kawai 0.1% zuwa 0.3% ana buƙata don emulsify har zuwa 20% na mai.
Idan ruwan magarya ya haɗu da saman fata mai ɗauke da electrolyte, ya zama mara ƙarfi saboda gel ɗin kariya nan da nan ya kumbura.Bayan cire lokaci na man fetur, fim din mai na bakin ciki ya kasance a kan fata.Wannan tsari yana ba da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar samfuran hasken rana wanda, duk da abubuwan da suke da shi na hydrophilic, suna da tsayayyar ruwa yayin amfani.
Emulsions da aka daidaita ta acrylate / C10-30 alkyl acrylate giciye-polymers za a iya shirya ta hanyar kai tsaye ko kai tsaye (duba Table 2).
Tsarin tebur na 2 don shirye-shiryen tarwatsawar ruwa ta amfani da emulsifiers na polymer a kaikaice ko kai tsaye
Don hana lalacewar inji na high kwayoyin nauyi polymer emulsifiers, high-throughput homogenizers ya kamata a yi amfani da hankali kamar yadda wannan zai iya rage emulsion kwanciyar hankali.Yawanci, matsakaicin diamita na diamita na irin waɗannan abubuwan shine 20-50 μm.Amma wannan ba ya da wani mummunan tasiri a kan kwanciyar hankali na jiki.
Idan an zaɓi tsarin tarwatsewa (1-5 microns) don dalilai na ado, ana ba da shawarar ƙara amphiphilic co-emulsifier, misali sorbitan monooleate.Duk da haka, irin waɗannan dabarun ba za a taɓa kiran su "kyauta emulsifier ba."
Ko da yake Formulation B (duba kasan tebur 1) kuma nau'in watsawa na hydrolipid ne, yana amfani da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) kawai azaman emulsifier polymer.
Abubuwan da ke amfani da HPMC a matsayin emulsifier na polymer suna da ƙarancin amsawa game da electrolytes idan aka kwatanta da tarwatsewar ruwa-lipid waɗanda ke amfani da polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. Don haka, emulsion mai / ruwa wanda ake amfani da maganin saline na waje na waje kuma ya kasance barga yayin ajiya.
Saboda damuwa na inji lokacin da aka shafa fata, ana iya lalata ruwan shafa fuska a wani bangare kuma ya samar da fim na bakin ciki mai mai a fata, wanda ke rage yawan ruwa.Bayan ruwan ya ƙafe, wani ɓangare na ruwan shafa ya kasance a kan fata, yana samar da fim mai sauƙi wanda aka gyara ɗigon mai a cikin matrix polymer.
HPMC-stabilized emulsions an shirya ta amfani da rotor-stator homogenizer kamar Ultra Turrax®.Homogenizer yana samar da ƙananan digo na 2-5 µm a girman.Ana iya amfani da shigarwar makamashi mai girma daga ultrasonic ko high matsa lamba homogenization don samar da nanoemulsions tare da matsakaicin diamita na 100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions stabilized ta HPMC za a iya sanyi sarrafa daga ruwan lipid lokaci.Don samun ɗanyen pre-emulsion, lokacin mai na ruwa da kuma maganin polymer mai ruwa ya haɗu a zafin jiki.An wuce pre-emulsion ta hanyar homogenizer mai matsa lamba a 20-90 MPa sau da yawa don samun nanoemulsion na ƙarshe.
Ko da yake yana yiwuwa a fasaha na iya ƙara matsa lamba fiye da mafi kyawun kewayon ba tare da wata matsala ba, wannan yawanci yana haifar da girma mai girma kuma baya cimma babban tarwatsawa.Ana kiran wannan al'amari overprocessing kuma shi ne na kowa siffa na polymer-stabilized emulsions.
Wani fasali na musamman na emulsions da HPMC ya daidaita shi ne cewa ana iya haifuwa a cikin autoclave ba tare da tabarbarewar ingancin su ba.Wannan saboda suna nuna canjin sol-gel mai ma'ana.A yanayin zafi sama da 60 ° C, lokacin waje yana yin kauri kuma yana hana motsin ɗigon mai da aka tarwatsa.
Digadin ba zai iya yin karo ba kuma adadin haɗuwa ya yi kusan sakaci.Don haka, masu haɓakawa za su iya ƙirƙirar emulsion na mai a cikin ruwa ba tare da abubuwan kiyayewa ba idan an yi amfani da marufi da ke da juriya ga sake gurɓatawa.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, emulsion kuma za a iya daidaita shi kawai ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar danko na ƙara polymers kamar carbomers (polyacrylic acid).Ana kiran waɗannan ka'idodin "quasi" emulsion saboda tasirin ƙarfafawa na polymer ba ya haɗa da ayyukan tsaka-tsaki.Abubuwan da suka dace na kasuwanci, galibi ana kiran su "balms", yawanci suna ɗauke da ƙananan adadin lipids da aka tarwatsa a cikin hydrogel.
Kyakkyawan watsawa na lipids yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na jiki da isasshen rayuwar shiryayye.Wannan ma'auni da yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa na lokaci na waje suna rage ɗigon ruwa, ta haka yadda ya kamata yana murkushe emulsification da haɗuwar ɗigon mai.
Mun yi magana da Farfesa Hongxia Wang daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Queensland game da wani sabon aikin da ke fatan yin amfani da graphene da sauran kayan carbon masu rahusa don samar da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin hasken rana mai rahusa mai rahusa.
A cikin wannan hira, AzoNano yayi magana da furofesoshi Moti Segev da Vladimir Shalaev, waɗanda suka yi bincike mai ban mamaki a cikin lu'ulu'u na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar bincike da ka'idodin da ke akwai.
A cikin wannan hirar, mun tattauna wata sabuwar hanya don inganta yanayin Raman spectroscopy wanda ke amfani da nanopockets don kama kwayoyin da aka yi niyya, yana ba da damar gano hanyoyin sinadarai sosai.
Kyamarorin scintillation ClearView suna faɗaɗa iyawar microscope na watsawa na yau da kullun (TEM).
Hoto na haɗin gwiwa mai girma da kuma a cikin nanoindentation ta amfani da Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
Koyi game da Phe-nx's NANOS, SEM benchtop na nazari wanda ke aiwatar da bincike cikin sauri kuma yana da sauƙin shigarwa da amfani.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-23-2023